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In Ancient Greece, the astronomer and mathematician Eudoxus laid down a full set of the classical constellations around 370 BC. The Mul.Apin lists, dated to sometime before the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626–539 BC), are direct textual descendants of the "Three Stars Each" lists and their constellation patterns show similarities to those of later Greek civilization. These star catalogues, written on clay tablets, listed thirty-six stars: twelve for " Anu" along the celestial equator, twelve for " Ea" south of that, and twelve for " Enlil" to the north. They are better known by their Assyrian-era name 'Three Stars Each'. Īlthough the ancient Sumerians were the first to record the names of constellations on clay tablets, the earliest known star catalogues were compiled by the ancient Babylonians of Mesopotamia in the late 2nd millennium BC, during the Kassite Period (c.
The Egyptians called the circumpolar star "the star that cannot perish" and, although they made no known formal star catalogues, they nonetheless created extensive star charts of the night sky which adorn the coffins and ceilings of tomb chambers. Historical catalogues Ancient Near East įrom their existing records, it is known that the ancient Egyptians recorded the names of only a few identifiable constellations and a list of thirty-six decans that were used as a star clock. The largest is being compiled from the spacecraft Gaia and thus far has over a billion stars.Ĭompleteness and accuracy are described by the faintest limiting magnitude V (largest number) and the accuracy of the positions. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies' data centres. They were sometimes accompanied by a star chart for illustration. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient people, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians, and Arabs. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers.
An illustration of the constellation Perseus (after Perseus from Greek mythology) from the star catalogue published by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1690Ī star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars.
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